Sains Malaysiana 52(7)(2023): 2055-2067
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5207-13
Review on
Food Insecurity and Its Relationship with Iron and Vitamin B12 Status among Children
(Tinjauan Ketidakjaminan Makanan serta
Hubungannya dengan Status Ferum dan Vitamin B12 dalam Kalangan
Kanak-Kanak)
WAN SITI FATIMAH WAN ABDUL RAHMAN1,
SITI BALKIS BUDIN1,*, TANG SWEE FONG2 & POH BEE KOON1
1Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
2Paediatric
Intensive Care Unit (PICU), UKM Specialist Children's Hospital, Jalan Yaacob
Latif, Bandar Tun Razak Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 25 November 2022/Diterima: 10 Julai 2023
Abstract
Iron and vitamin B12 are essential micronutrients
needed for the growth and development of children. Iron is critical for
erythropoiesis, notably in haemoglobin synthesis whereby haemoglobin transports
oxygen to cells, which is essential for cellular metabolism and energy
production. Meanwhile, vitamin B12 is required for deoxyribonucleic
acid synthesis, intracellular metabolism, and blood cells formation and
maturation. Lack of these essential micronutrients can lead to nutritional
deficiency and anaemia, especially among children. Food insecurity is a
condition where there is a lack of or uncertain availability of acquiring
acceptable food. Food insecurity is associated with lower nutrient intake and
micronutrient deficiencies including iron and vitamin B12, which can
subsequently lead to poor health outcomes. Various determinants are associated
with iron and vitamin B12 deficiency, and food insecurity, such as
socio-economic factors, environmental factors, and dietary intake. This review
will explore the possible relationship between iron, vitamin B12,
and anaemia with food insecurity among children.
Keywords:
Anaemia; dietary intake; food insecurity; micronutrients; socio-economic
factors
Abstrak
Ferum dan vitamin B12 adalah mikronutrien
penting yang diperlukan bagi tumbesaran dan perkembangan kanak-kanak. Ferum
penting untuk eritropoiesis, terutamanya dalam penghasilan hemoglobin kerana
hemoglobin berperanan untuk mengangkut oksigen ke sel-sel dan ini penting bagi
metabolisme sel dan penghasilan tenaga. Di samping itu, vitamin B12 diperlukan
untuk sintesis asid deoksiribonukleik, metabolisme intrasel, serta pembentukan
dan pematangan sel darah. Kekurangan mikronutrien penting ini boleh membawa
kepada kurang pemakanan dan anemia terutamanya dalam kalangan kanak-kanak.
Ketidakjaminan makanan adalah keadaan terdapat kekurangan atau ketersediaan
yang tidak pasti untuk memperoleh makanan yang boleh diterima. Ketidakjaminan
makanan dikaitkan dengan kekurangan pengambilan nutrien dan kekurangan
mikronutrien termasuklah ferum dan vitamin B12 yang seterusnya
menyebabkan kesan yang berpanjangan kepada kesihatan. Pelbagai faktor penentu
yang dikaitkan dengan kekurangan ferum dan vitamin B12, serta
ketidakjaminan makanan seperti status sosioekonomi, faktor persekitaran dan
pengambilan makanan. Oleh itu, tinjauan ini bertujuan meneroka hubungan ferum,
vitamin B12, dan anemia dengan ketidakjaminan makanan dalam kalangan
kanak-kanak.
Kata kunci: Anemia; faktor
sosioekonomi; ketidakjaminan makanan; mikronutrien; pengambilan makanan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat, email: balkis@ukm.edu.my
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